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 Forum index » Diversions » Perplex City Puzzle Cards » PXC: Silver Puzzle Cards
[Puzzle] Silver #238 Riemann
Moderators: AnthraX101, bagsbee, BrianEnigma, cassandra, Giskard, lhall, Mikeyj, myf, poozle, RobMagus, xnbomb
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dusty2229
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 [Puzzle] Silver #238 Riemann

Prime numbers are numbers that cannot be divided by any other number except themselves and 1. For example, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 and 17 are all prime numbers. Aside from their theoretical interest, large prime numbers have become increasingly important in day to day life since they underpin the cryptography that allows secure transactions to take place on the internet (such as encrypting your credit card details when you buy online).
While there are standard techniques to discover new primes, and more importantly, check whether a number really is a prime, mathematicians have not been able to discover if there is any order to the way in which primes are distributed. However, the German mathematician G.F.G. Riemann (1826-1866) noticed that the frequency of primes is highly related to the Zeta Function, now known as the Riemann Zeta Function.

[EQUATION]

The Riemann Hypothesis is that " The real part of any non-trivial zero of the Riemann Zeta Function is ½." It sounds complicated (and it is!) but a lot rests on whether his hypothesis is true. There are many equations in abstract mathematics that have been solved on the assumption that the hypothesis is true – and if it isn't, then not only would we have to look at those equations again, but it would also imply that there is a certain order to primes.

(As of 2004, the largest known prime was 7235733 digits long!)




BOTTOM RIGHT:
$1,000,000 prize offered upon solving this puzzle see
http://www.claymath.org/millennium/Riemann_Hypothesis/



TEXT BOX ON REVERSE MAP:

PERPLEX CITY ZOO
The Perplex City Zoo in Polygon Park was established in 75AC after the closure of the Old Town Zoo. The zoo houses a wide range of land animals but lacks the facilities for birds or large marine animals However, it remains a popular attraction of Perplex City, no doubt in part due to its collection of tretretretres
#238 Riemann (front).jpg
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#238 Riemann (front).jpg

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PostPosted: Thu Jul 14, 2005 10:17 am
Last edited by dusty2229 on Mon Jul 18, 2005 8:07 am; edited 1 time in total
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Flidget Jerome
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Is that asking us to solve what I think it's asking us to solve? It looks pretty straight forward, but also insane.

PostPosted: Thu Jul 14, 2005 10:23 am
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cassandraModerator
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And exactly how many Perplex City points is this one worth? Razz

PostPosted: Thu Jul 14, 2005 10:23 am
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dusty2229
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Not quite sure what this is asking us to do
BTW it's worth a mere 60 points

PostPosted: Thu Jul 14, 2005 10:25 am
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Flidget Jerome
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And all I can think is "Take that, Where.gif!"

PostPosted: Thu Jul 14, 2005 10:31 am
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JebJoya
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WHAT THEflippity floo?!

I joked about this being a card on IRC last night. This is being researched by hundereds of mathematicians all over the world, for a good popular science (readable maths) book on it, try "Dr. Riemann's Zeros" by Karl Sabbagh.

Right, for some more detail:

sum to infinity (1/n^s)

so 1/(1^s) + 1/(2^s) +....

n^s = n^(p+qi) = (n^p)(n^qi)

= (n^p) * (e^ (qi*ln(n)))

and then to take 1/(n^s) = n^(-s)

= (n^-p) * (e^(-qi*ln(n)))

so we've got to find the sum (n->inf) of the above equation, and prove that this can only equal 0 if p=(1/2) (that's minus a couple of special cases, i believe...)

of course, here we have re^(i*theta), which creates a vector in an argand diagram, which of course you can add to by adding nose to tail of the vectors. The length of the vector is (n^-p), and the direction of the vector is (-qi*ln(n)) radians.

That's some junk to look at

Jeb

EDIT - uhhhh, changed two words so that they weren't quite as glaringly... swearlike... - SG
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PostPosted: Thu Jul 14, 2005 10:34 am
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erekose
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Shocked WOW! Shocked

Thats a puzzle, and it's hard to think how they're going to make one harder than that. Tempting to try to solve though...

(erekose puts puzzle on list of things to do, right after 'formulate Unified Field Theory')

On second thought, given this puzzle, asking us to solve the holy grail of physics would be easy. Very Happy
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PostPosted: Thu Jul 14, 2005 10:57 am
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tanner
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as whoever solves this is gonna be very very famous (and rich) i assume the puzzle is something else
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PostPosted: Thu Jul 14, 2005 11:19 am
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BrianEnigmaModerator
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My thought (which has not led to much of anything), was what if the puzzle is something different on the card, but still related to prime numbers? For instance, what if you took the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, etc. letters or words from the text and it formed a different question? Or words with a prime number of letters?

If you look again, you will note that everything on the card is a statement. There is no question. The fact that the Millennium Prize is offered is, again, a statement. There is nothing asking you to solve, explain, prove, or disprove anything. I am of the thinking that there is a question hidden in there somewhere, if we can figure out how to unlock it.
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PostPosted: Thu Jul 14, 2005 11:52 am
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Reason
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BriEnigma wrote:
My thought (which has not led to much of anything), was what if the puzzle is something different on the card, but still related to prime numbers? For instance, what if you took the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, etc. letters or words from the text and it formed a different question? Or words with a prime number of letters?

If you look again, you will note that everything on the card is a statement. There is no question. The fact that the Millennium Prize is offered is, again, a statement. There is nothing asking you to solve, explain, prove, or disprove anything. I am of the thinking that there is a question hidden in there somewhere, if we can figure out how to unlock it.


I think that is quite a sound point. Has anyone tried texting Von for a clue?
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PostPosted: Thu Jul 14, 2005 3:08 pm
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JebJoya
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Sent a text, awaiting reply...

Jeb
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PostPosted: Thu Jul 14, 2005 3:24 pm
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BrianEnigmaModerator
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Going through the words and assigning them positional values gets a little tricky because of things like the "G.F.G." before Riemann. Is that abbreviation supposed to be three words, one word, or skipped? At any rate, I took four different looks at this puzzle, two by counting through words and two by counting through letters.

In one instance, I am taking every prime position (word 2, 3, 5: "numbers are that"). In the other instance, I am skipping a prime number of positions, then taking the value (skipping 2 to "numbers," skipping 3 more to "that," skipping 5 more to "any"). Here are my results. They don't look too promising.

Words, based on prime positions:
Quote:
2: numbers
3: are
5: that
7: be
11: other
13: except
17: example
19: are
23: Aside
29: prime
31: have
37: to
41: they
43: the
47: secure
53: the
59: credit
61: details
67: there
71: to
73: new
79: whether
83: is
89: been
97: order
101: in
103: primes
107: the
109: mathematician
113: that
127: as
131: Function
137: The
139: part
149: Function
151: It
157: but
163: his
167: There
173: mathematics
179: the
181: that
191: not
193: would
197: look
199: those
211: certain
223: long
227: offered
229: solving


Words based on skipping a prime number:
Quote:
2 2: numbers
3 5: that
5 10: any
7 17: example
11 28: large
13 41: they
17 58: your
19 77: importantly
23 100: way
29 129: Riemann
31 160: rests
37 197: look


Letters based on prime positions:
Quote:
rieuraubtnovdyouxemvsrmdrnmssfearsmnseeaymdyalyctghaltctpah
trecicdbieesrqdewsirhrnlimtivtebriytaidsencGnndeymshattinsRnucay
stroeRnuiooidsnssreaqasihtehsmoseitlhltanwshrormsrewdgTOTontp
spmgn


Letters based on skipping a prime number:
Quote:
reeuadeFeivattyneeaortoiO


It should be noted that for letters, I didn't count spaces or punctuation (doing so came up with garbage just the same, only with spaces in it). When scanning words, I counted "G.F.G." as a single word and did not count numbers as a words (doing so brought back results that were about the same, only with numbers that didn't seem to fit.)

I kind of hope we don't have to locate and type in the longest prime. I have a feeling that I might make a typo while entering a 7235733 digit number.
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PostPosted: Thu Jul 14, 2005 10:16 pm
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yanka
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Ok, I have just found out that "tretretretre" is actually a word Shocked

Um, anyway... Since there is no question posed, what if this is asking for something stupidly simple - like a number of "things" on the back of the card? For example, there are 26.5 trees, 9 brown houses and 7 white houses... woo, a prime Geek Ugh... Yeah, I don't know where I'm going with this...
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PostPosted: Fri Jul 15, 2005 1:16 am
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tanner
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how about the solve being

Spoiler (Rollover to View):
"AADAA" from Cryptonomicon -- output of a Riemann zeta function


???

Very Happy
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PostPosted: Fri Jul 15, 2005 3:15 am
Last edited by tanner on Mon Jul 18, 2005 5:42 am; edited 1 time in total
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dusty2229
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Point of interest: The card gives Riemann's initials as G.F.G. when in fact they are G.F.B. (Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann ). Don't know if this is relevant at all.

PostPosted: Fri Jul 15, 2005 4:51 am
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