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 Forum index » Archive » Archive: General » ARG: Find the Lost Ring
[META] Esperanto Cheatsheet
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Junesun
Boot

Joined: 08 Apr 2008
Posts: 40
Location: Berlin, Germany

 		 [META] Esperanto Cheatsheet
Learn to communicate with the others
When using an online translator or even when doing a quick-and-dirty translation, nuances often get lost. So here's a cheat sheet that should help you when translating Esperanto using a machine translation tool or a dictionary:

Basics
Word types
-o for nouns, e. g. ringo - the ring, kodekso - the codex (no noun genders, article is always "la")
-a for adjectives, e. g. antikva - ancient; optimisma - optimistic
-i for verbs, e. g. helpi - to help; trovi - to find
-e for adverbs, e. g. rapide - quickly; finfine - finally

Words can easily be converted from one type to the other simply by exchanging the ending:
optimisma -> optimismo (optimism)
helpi -> helpe (in a helpful way)
rapide -> rapidi (to be fast)
trovi -> trovo (finding)

Additions
-j for plural, e. g. ringoj - rings, mondo (world) -> mondoj (worlds)
This also applies to adjectives: antikva forto (ancient strength) -> antikvaj fortoj (ancient strengths)
-n for words when they are used as objects, e. g. ni (we) -> nin (us)
Word order doesn't matter: Ni savas mondojn (we save worlds) - Nin savas mondoj (worlds save us)
-n for adverbs when they show a direction, e. g. antaue (in front) -> antauen (forward)

Tenses
-as for present tense (what is happening now or regularly), e. g. mondo shanghas - the world changes
-is for past tense (what happened in the past), e. g. mondo shanghis - the world changed
-os for future tense (what will happen in the future), e. g. mondo shanghos - the world will change
-us for conditions tense (what might happen), e. g. mondo shanghus - the world would change
-u for imperative (commands and requests), e. g. shanghu la mondon! - change the world!

These endings are ALWAYS REGULAR! No conjugating, no irregular verbs!

Common prefixes
mal- to turn something in the opposite, e. g. bona (good) -> malbona (bad), helpi (to help) -> malhelpi (to hinder), lumo (light) -> mallumo (darkness)
ek- for something that is beginning, e. g. kuri (to run) -> ekkuri (to start running)
re- for "back" or "again", as in English, e. g. re-kuri (to run back)

Common suffixes - always attached before the word type ending!
-eg- intensifies the meaning, e. g. varma (warm) -> varmega (hot); malvarma (cold) -> malvarmega (very cold, icy)
-et- lessens the meaning, e. g. helpi (to help) -> helpeti (to help a little); optimismeta (a little optimistic)
-ar- group or collection, e. g. amiko (friend) -> amikaro (group of friends); legho (rule) -> legharo (set of rules); vorto (word) -> vortaro (dictionary)
-an- member of a group, e. g. klubo (club) -> klubano (club member)
-igh- passive "become/receive" meaning, e. g. helpi (to help) -> helpighi (to receive help); rugha (red) -> rughighi (to become red, to blush)
-ig- active "make" meaning, e. g. helpi (to help) -> helpigi (make somebody help); rehavi (to have again) -> rehavigi (to make sb. have something again) --> and hence rehavigo!
-em- like to do, e. g. pensi (to think) -> pensema (pensive)
-ul- person who does something right now or does it as a hobby, e. g. kuri (to run) -> kurulo (runner, person I just saw running)
-ist- person who does something professionally, as a living, e. g. kuri (to run) -> kuristo (professional runner)
-il- tool for doing something, e. g. traduki (to translate) -> tradukilo (tool that will translate, e. g. machine translator)
-ej- place, e. g. klubo (club) -> klubejo (place where the club meets); dormi (to sleep) -> dormejo (bedroom or place where you can sleep)

PostPosted: Tue Apr 08, 2008 5:51 pm
Last edited by Junesun on Wed Apr 09, 2008 5:07 am; edited 1 time in total
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Junesun
Boot

Joined: 08 Apr 2008
Posts: 40
Location: Berlin, Germany

 		A fun exercise for those who can't find any puzzles to solve: translate the following words, using only the root "sana"(healthy) and the prefixes/suffixes from the cheat sheet! It's possible!

to heal, doctor, ill, unwell, to become ill, disease, hospital, medicine, to recuperate, incurable

This capacity of Esperanto saved me a lot of work studying vocabulary. And when searching for words to express myself, Esperanto words often pop up first, simply because they reflect how my brain works.

PostPosted: Tue Apr 08, 2008 6:00 pm
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Weezel
Unfettered


Joined: 01 Sep 2006
Posts: 420
Location: National Park, NJ
Junesun wrote:
A fun exercise for those who can't find any puzzles to solve: translate the following words, using only the root "sana"(healthy) and the prefixes/suffixes from the cheat sheet! It's possible!

to heal, doctor, ill, unwell, to become ill, disease, hospital, medicine, to recuperate, incurable

This capacity of Esperanto saved me a lot of work studying vocabulary. And when searching for words to express myself, Esperanto words often pop up first, simply because they reflect how my brain works.


Thanks for the cheat sheet.. I keep meaning to sit down and learn some more, but those of you who have been doing the translations already are so awesomely quick that I haven't had the personal inspiration to do it!
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PostPosted: Tue Apr 08, 2008 6:13 pm
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HitsHerMark
Unfictologist


Joined: 22 Aug 2004
Posts: 1521
Location: Austin, TX

 		I'm totally printing this out.

I've also added a link to this thread in the Player Resources thread.
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PostPosted: Tue Apr 08, 2008 9:25 pm
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Rogi Ocnorb
I Have 100 Cats and Smell of Wee


Joined: 01 Sep 2005
Posts: 4266
Location: Where the cheese is free.

 		Re: [META] Esperanto Cheatsheet
Learn to communicate with the others
Junesun wrote:
Additions
-j for plural, e. g. ringoj - rings, mondo (world) -> mondoj (worlds)
This also applies to adjectives: antikva forto (ancient strength) -> antikvaj fortoj (ancient strengths)


Wouldn't it be: antikva fortoj Question

antikvaj fortoj makes me think "Strengths of the Ancients".

ETA: I'm also wondering about the pronunciation of certain sounds like for "esperi" (hope). Does it use the typical romantic style of "es-peh-dee" or is it more "western" like "es-pair-ee"? I've been assuming the former.
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PostPosted: Wed Apr 09, 2008 3:33 am
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Junesun
Boot

Joined: 08 Apr 2008
Posts: 40
Location: Berlin, Germany

 		Re: [META] Esperanto Cheatsheet
Learn to communicate with the others
Quote:
Thanks for the cheat sheet.. I keep meaning to sit down and learn some more, but those of you who have been doing the translations already are so awesomely quick that I haven't had the personal inspiration to do it!

Would there be interest in forming an Esperanto study group just for players? I think it would be fun to do that together with players from the non-English Find The Lost Ring groups. We could do about 1 lesson per week, comparing results and practising together (kind of like the Virtual University concept), and I promise you'd be conversational in Esperanto before the Olympics even start.

Rogi Ocnorb wrote:
Junesun wrote:
Additions
-j for plural, e. g. ringoj - rings, mondo (world) -> mondoj (worlds)
This also applies to adjectives: antikva forto (ancient strength) -> antikvaj fortoj (ancient strengths)


Wouldn't it be: antikva fortoj Question

antikvaj fortoj makes me think "Strengths of the Ancients".


No, "antikvaj fortoj" is correct. "strengths of the ancients" would be "fortoj de la antikvoj". In Esperanto, just like in most European languages with the notable exception of English, adjectives have to match the noun. This matching is easy because you just add the same set of endings (-j or -n or even both). So literally you have to say "old-s strength-s" Wink Some people have criticised this as being unnecessary, but it does make Esperanto a lot more flexible and great to use in poetry. You can put words in whatever order you want, e. g. "trovu la ringon perditan" (literally: "find! the ring lost"), "trovu la perditan ringon", "la perditan ringon trovu", "ringon trovu la perditan" (this wording might come from Tolkien, who also learned Esperanto btw!), and so on.

Quote:
ETA: I'm also wondering about the pronunciation of certain sounds like for "esperi" (hope). Does it use the typical romantic style of "es-peh-dee" or is it more "western" like "es-pair-ee"? I've been assuming the former.

Esperanto sounds like Spanish or Italian to the untrained ear and it's 100% phonetic (no ambiguity either way; a spelling bee would be a joke). There is a detailed explanation here and a flash exercise here. Lernu really has a lot of great professionally-done learning material for Esperanto, in many languages even. If you really want to get into the pronunciation though, I suggest a more fun exercise: get some legal mp3s of Esperanto music from http://esperanto-panorama.net/unikode/muziko.htm , find the corresponding lyrics (typically linked as "teksto") and listen to the songs while following along in the lyrics.

Quote:
I'm totally printing this out.
I've also added a link to this thread in the Player Resources thread.

Thank you! Could you also place a link to Lernu there? They are the most comprehensive free resource, offering a dozen different multimedia courses for every type of learner. They even have a Pimsleur-like course for people that commute a lot: http://en.lernu.net/kursoj/mek/mp3.php And you can get a free tutor to help you.

PostPosted: Wed Apr 09, 2008 5:43 am
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HitsHerMark
Unfictologist


Joined: 22 Aug 2004
Posts: 1521
Location: Austin, TX

 		Re: [META] Esperanto Cheatsheet
Learn to communicate with the others
Junesun wrote:
Thank you! Could you also place a link to Lernu there? They are the most comprehensive free resource, offering a dozen different multimedia courses for every type of learner. They even have a Pimsleur-like course for people that commute a lot: http://en.lernu.net/kursoj/mek/mp3.php And you can get a free tutor to help you.


I thought there was already. I'll double check when I take a lunch break and fix it. Thanks for the heads up!
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GirlInFocus
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PostPosted: Wed Apr 09, 2008 2:11 pm
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